Genes for stress resistance evaluated in transgenic/mutant plants (updated May 22, 2010 )

= This is not a strict listing. It serves mainly as a guide. Please check the original papers for details.

= Use browser Find <ctrl F> to search this table 

= Please inform the curator of omissions/corrections

(*) I.D. designate ID numbers in our Reference Database

Select Group:

· Genes controlling osmotic factors and other protectants

· Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA)- related genes

· Various regulatory genes

· Hormone regulating genes

· Oxidative stress related genes

· Genes encoding for molecular chaperones & other proteins

· Genes encoding proton pumps, antiporters and ion transporters

· Others

NOTE: The claim for a gene effect is presented at face value and it does not necessarily imply agricultural value.

Genes encoding enzymes that synthesize osmotic and other protectants (To top)

Gene	Gene Action	Species	Phenotype	Reference	ID*
	Dehydrin protein accumulation	Tobacco	Cold tolerance and possible antioxidative effect	Masakazu et al. 2003	6602
	Accumulation of different compatible solutes	Tobacco	Photosystem cold tolerance	Parvanova et al., 2004	7334
adc	Arginine decarboxylase	Rice	Reduced chlorophyll loss under drought stress	Capell et al. 1998	5607
ADC	Polyamine synthesis	Rice	Drought resistance	Capell et al., 2004	7290
ADC	Polyamine synthesis	Rice	Drought resistance	Peremarti et al., 2009	9906
ADC	Polyamine accumulation	rice	salt resistance in biomass accumulation	Roy and Wu, 2001	5561
Apo-Inv	Apoplastic invertase	Tobacco	Salt tolerance, high “osmotic pressure”	Fukushima et al., 2001	5202
ADC1, ADC2	Polyamine accumulation	Arabidopsis	Freezing tolerance	Cuevas et al., 2008	9598
AtGolS2	Galactinol and raffinose accumulation	Arabidopsis	Reduced transpiration	Taji et al. 2002	5884
AtHAL3	Phosphoprotein phosphatase	Tobacco	Improved salt, osmotic and Lithium tolerance of cell cultures	Yonamine et al., 2004	6947
AtHAL3a	Phosphoprotein phosphatase	Arabidopsis	Regulate salinity and osmotic tolerance and plant growth	Espinosa-Ruiz et al. 1999	4601
ATP-PRT	ATP-phosphoribosyltransferase	Alyssum	His accumulation and Nickel tolerance	Ingle et al., 2005	7942
AtTPS1	trehalose-6-phosphate synthase	Tobacco	Drought resistance; sustained photosyntehsis	Almeida et al., 2007	8668
BADH-1	Glycine-Betaine production	Carrot	Salinity tolerance	Kumar et al., 2004	7353
BADH-1	Glycine-Betaine production	Rice	Cd tolerance	Shao et al., 2008	9479
BADH-1	Glycine-Betaine production	Maize	Salinity tolerance	Wu et al., 2007	9117
BADH-1	Glycine-Betaine production	Tobacco	Heat tolerance in photosynthesis	Xinghong Yang, et al., 2005	7858
BADH-1	Glycine-Betaine production	Tobacco	Salinity tolerance	Yang et al., 2008	9160
BADH-1	Glycine-Betaine production	Tomato	Maintenance of osmotic potential	Moghaieb et al. 2000	5094
BADH-1	Glycine-Betaine production	Wheat	Plasma membrane protection under cold stress
betA	Choline dehydrogenase (glycinebetaine synthesis)	Maize	Drought resistance at seedling stage and high yield after drought	Ruidang et al., 2004	7409
betA	Choline dehydrogenase (glycinebetaine synthesis)	Tobacco	Increased tolerance to salinity stress	Lilius et al. 1996	3287
CHIT33, CHIT42	Endochitinase synthesis	Tobacco	Salt and metal toxicity resistance (& disease)	Dana et al., 2006	8504
CMO	Choline monooxygenase (glycine betaine synthesis)	Tobacco	Better in vito growth under salinity and osmotic (PEG6000) stress	Yi-Guo Shen et al. 2002	6285
codA	Choline oxidase (glycine betaine synthesis)	Arabidopsis	Increased stress tolerance	Huang et al. 2000	4731
codA	Choline oxidase (glycine betaine synthesis)	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance in terms of reproduction	Ronan et al., 2003	6822
codA	Choline oxidase (glycine betaine synthesis)	Arabidopsis	Seedlings tolerant to salinity stress and increased germination under cold	Hayashi et al. 1997, Alia et al. 1998	4571
codA	Choline oxidase (glycine betaine synthesis)	Brassica juncea	Tolerance to stress induced photoinhibition	Prasad and Saradhi 2004	7094
codA	Choline oxidase (glycine betaine synthesis)	Rice	Increased tolerance to salinity and cold	Sakamoto et al. 1998	3859
codA	Choline oxidase (glycine betaine synthesis)	Rice	Recovery from a week long salt stress	Mohanty et al., 2003	6347
codA	Choline oxidase (glycine betaine synthesis)	Rice	Drought resistance, antioxidative action	Kathuria et al., 2009	9966
codA	Choline oxidase (glycine betaine synthesis)	Tobacco	Freezing toleance	Parvanova et al., 2004	7334
codA	Choline oxidase (glycine betaine synthesis)	Tomato	Chilling tolerance in yield and oxidative stress tolerance	Eung-Jun et al., 2004	7416
codA	Choline oxidase (glycine betaine synthesis)	Tomato	Chilling tolerance	PARK et al., 2007	8969
COR15a	Cold induced gene	Arabidopsis	Increased freezing tolerance	Steponkus et al. 1998	5618
COX	Choline oxidase (glycine betaine synthesis)	Rice	Salt and 'stress' tolerance	Su et al. 2006	8227
Ect A…ect C	Edtoin accumulation in chloroplasts	Tobacco	Salt and cold tolerance	Rai et al. 2006	8090
ggpPS	Glucosylglycerol accumulation	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Klähn et al., 2009	9766
GS2	Chloroplastic glutamine synthetase	Rice	Increased salinity resistance and chilling tolerance	Hoshida et al. 2000	4792
IMT1	Myo-inositol o-methyltransferase (D-ononitol synthesis)	Tobacco	Better CO2 fixation under salinity stress. Better recovery after drought stress.	Sheveleva et al. 1997	3660
LWR1, LWR2	Solute accumulation (proline)	Arabidopsis	Growth, osmotic adjustment, water status	Verslues and Bray, 2004	7352
M6PR	Mannose-6-phosphate reductase	Arabidopsis	Mannitol accumulation under salt stress leading to salt tolerance	Zhifang and Loescher, 2003	6343
M6PR	Mannose-6-phosphate reductase	Arabidopsis	Mannitol accumulation and salt tolerance due to chloroplast protection	Sickler et al., 2007	8850
mt1D	Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (mannitol synthesis)	Arabidopsis	Increased germination under salinity stress	Thomas et al. 1995	5620
mt1D	Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (mannitol synthesis)	Petunia	Chilling tolerance	Chiang et al., 2005	7715
mt1D	Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (mannitol synthesis)	Tobacco	Increased plant height and fresh weight under salinity stress	Tarczynski et al. 1993	2383
mt1D	Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (mannitol synthesis)	Tobacco	No contribution to sustained growth under salinity and drought stress.	Karakas et al., 1997	3492
mt1D	Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (mannitol synthesis)	Wheat	Drought and salinity tolerance of calli and plants	Abebe et al., 2003	6533
mt1D & GutD	Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase & glucitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	loblolly pine	High salt tolerance due to mannitol and glucitol accumulation	Tang et al., 2005	7614
mtlD	Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (mannitol synthesis)	Populus tomentosa	Salinity tolerance	Hu et al., 2005	7946
Osm1 …Osm4	Osmotin protein accumulation	Tobacco	Drought and salt tolerance in plant water status and proline accumulation	Barthakur et al., 2001	5560
Osm1 …Osm4	Osmotin protein accumulation	Strawberry	Proline accumulation & salt tolerance	Husaini and Abdin, 2008	9309
Osmyb4	Cold induced transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Accumulation of compatible solutes	Mattana et al., 2005	7915
Osmyb4	Specifically cold inducible	Tobacco	Freezing and Chilling tolerance	Candida et al., 2004	6922
Osmyb4	Cold induced transcription factor	Tomato	Drought but not cold resistance	Vannini et al., 2007	8978
OsMYB3R-2	Cold induced transcription factor	Rice	Cold tolerance	Ma et al., 2009	9907
OsP5CS2	Highly homologous to P5CS	Rice	Cold and salinity tolerance	Hur et al., 2004	7264
otsA	Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (trehalose synthesis)	Tobacco	Increased leaf dry weight and photosynthetic activity under drought. Increased carbohydrate accumulation.	Pilon-smits et al. 1998	3101
otsB	Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (trehalose synthesis)	Tobacco	Increased leaf dry weight and photosynthetic activity under drought. Increased carbohydrate accumulation.	Pilon-smits et al. (1998)	3101
P5CS	Pyrroline carboxylate synthase(proline synthesis)	Bean	Drought, salt cold resistance	Chen et al., 2009	9656
P5CS	Pyrroline carboxylate synthase(proline synthesis) (tomato)	Citrus	Osmotic adjustment and drought resistance	Molinari et al., 2004	7361
P5CS	Pyrroline carboxylate synthase(proline synthesis)	Petunia	Drought resistance and high proline	Yamada et al., 2005	7750
P5CS	Pyrroline carboxylate synthase(proline synthesis)	Potato	Salinity tolerance	Hmida-Sayari et al., 2005	7864
P5CS	Pyrroline carboxylate synthase(proline synthesis)	Rice	Increased biomass production under drought and salinity stress	Zhu et al. 1998	3871
P5CS	Pyrroline carboxylate synthase(proline synthesis)	Rice	Reduced oxidative stress under osmotic stress	Hong Zong Lie et al., 2000	5562
P5CS	Pyrroline carboxylate synthase(proline synthesis)	Rice	Resistance to water and sainity stress	Su and Wu, 2004	7034
P5CS	Pyrroline carboxylate synthase(proline synthesis)	Soybean	Resistance to osmotic stress and heat	De Ronde et al. 2001	5767
P5CS	Pyrroline carboxylate synthase(proline synthesis) (tomato)	Soybean	Drought resistance, high RWC, high proline	De Ronde et al., 2004	7383
P5CR	Pyrroline carboxylate reductase (proline accumulation)	Soybean	Antioxidants activity under stress	Kocsy et al., 2005	7797
P5CR	Pyrroline carboxylate reductase (proline accumulation)	Soybean	Amino acid accumulation	Simon-Sarkadi et al., 2006	8612
P5CS	Pyrroline carboxylate synthase(proline synthesis) (tomato)	Sugarcane	Drought resistance via antioxidant role of proline	Molinari et al., 2007	8859
P5CS	Pyrroline carboxylate synthase(proline synthesis)	Tobacco	Increased biomass production and enhance flower development under salinity stress	Kishor et al. 1995	3078
P5CS	Pyrroline carboxylate synthase(proline synthesis)	Tobacco	Freezing tolerance	Parvanova et al., 2004	7334
P5CS	Pyrroline carboxylate synthase(proline synthesis)	Wheat	Drought resistance due to antioxidative action	Vendruscolo et al., 2007	9069
P5CS	Pyrroline carboxylate synthase(proline synthesis) (tomato)	Yeast	Reduced growth under none-stress and some promoted growth under mild stress	Maggio et al., 2002	6181
pdc1	Pyruvate decarboxylase overexpression	Rice	Increased submergence tolerance	Quimio et al. 2000	4747
pdc1; pdc2	Pyruvate decarboxylase overexpression	Arabidopsis	Hypoxic stress survival	Ismond et al. 2003	6669
PPO	Polyphenol oxidases suppression	Tomato	Drought resistance	Thipyapong et al., 2004	7267
SAMDC	S-adenosylmethioninedecarboxylase (polyamine synthesis)	Rice	Better seedling growth under a 2 day NaCl stress	Malabika and Wu, 2002	6252
SAMDC	S-adenosylmethioninedecarboxylase (polyamine synthesis)	Tobacco	drought, salinity, Verticillium and Fusarium wilts resistance	Waie and Rajam, 2003	6538
SAMDC	S-adenosylmethioninedecarboxylase (polyamine synthesis)	Rice	Improved recovery from drought	Peremarti et al., 2009	9906
SMT	selenocysteine methyltransferase	Arabidopsis, Indian Mustard	Selenium hyperaccumulation tolerance	Danika et al., 2004	7175
SPE	Spermidine synthase	Arabidopsis	Chilling, freezing, salinity, drought hyperosmosis	Kasukabe et al., 2004	7277
spe1-1; spe2-1	Spermidine non-accumulating	Arabidopsis	Decreased salt tolerance	Vasuki and Astrid, 2004	7089
SST/FFT	Fructan accumulation	Potato	Reduced proline accumulation at low water status	Knipp and Honermeier, 2006	8144
TaCRT	Ca2+-binding protein	Tobacco	Better water status, WUE and membrane stability	Xiao-Yun Jia et al., 2008	9254
TPP1	Trehalose synthesis	Rice	Salt and cold tolerance	Ge et al., 2008	9376
TPS; TPP	Trehalose synthesis	Arabidopsis	Drought, freezing, salt and heat tolerance	Miranda et al., 2007	9094
TPS1	Trehalose synthesis	Alfalfa	Drought, freezing, salt, and heat tolerance.	Suárez et al., 2009	10004
TPS1	Trehalose synthesis	Tomato	Drought, salt and oxidative stress tolerance	Cortina & Culiáñez-Macià, 2005	7788
TPS1	Trehalose synthesis	Potato	Delayed wilting under drought	Stiller et al., 2008	9146
TPS1 & TPS2	Trehalose synthesis	Tobacco	Maintenance of water status under drought stress	Karim et al., 2007	8913
TPSP	Trehalose synthesis	Rice	Drought, salt and cold tolerance expressed by chlorophyll fluorescence	In-Cheol Jang et al., 2003	6389
WCOR15	Cold induced gene	Tobacco	Increased freezing tolerance	Shimamura et al. 2006	8067

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) related genes (To top)

Gene	Gene Action	Species	Phenotype	Reference	ID*
DQ663481	Lea gene	Tobacco	Drought resistance via cell membrane stability	Wang et al., 2006	8510
HVA1	Group 3 LEA protein gene	Oat	Delayed wilting under drought stress	Maqbool et al., 2002	6146
HVA1	Group 3 LEA protein gene	Oat	Salinity tolerance in yield/plant	Oraby et al., 2005	7971
HVA1	Group 3 LEA protein gene	Rice	Dehydration avoidance and cell membrane stability	Babu et al., 2004	7030
HVA1	Group 3 LEA protein gene	Rice	Drought and salinity tolerance	Rohila et al. 2002	6185
HVA1	Group 3 LEA protein gene	Wheat	Increased biomass and WUE under stress	Sivamani et al. 2000	4781
HVA1	Group 3 LEA protein gene	Wheat	Improved plant water status and yield under field drought conditions	Bahieldin et al., 2005	7618
HVA1	Group 3 LEA protein gene	mulberry	Salinity and drought resistance	Lal et al. 2008	9429
BhLEA1, LEA2	LEA proteins	Tobacco	Dehydration tolerance	Liu et al., 2008	9586
OsLEA3-1	Lea protein	Rice	Drought resistance for yield in the field	Xiao et al., 2007	8926
Rab17	LEA protein	Arabidopsis	Resistance to osmotic and salinity stress	Figueras et al., 2004	7204
ME-leaN4	LEA protein	Lettuce	Enhanced growth and delayed wilting under drought. Salt resistance	Park et al., 2005	7671
ME-leaN4	LEA protein	Chinese cabbage	Drought and salt resistance	Park et al., 2005	7794

Various regulatory genes   (To top)

Gene	Gene Action	Species	Phenotype	Reference	ID*
--	Overexpression of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase - inducing cis-unsaturation of chloroplast phosphatidylglycerol	Tobacco	Chilling sensitivity	Sakamoto et al., 2004	6816
--	Overexpression of nicotianamine synthase	Tobacco & Arabodopsis	Heavy metal tolerance by chelation	Kim et al., 2005	8006
AB13	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Enhanced freezing tolerance	Tamminen et al. 2001	5217
ABF3	Transcription factor	Rice	Drought resistance	Oh et al., 2005	7780
ABP9	ABRE binding protein9	Arabidopsis	Regulation of plant photosynthesis under stress	Zhang et al., 2008	9256
ADH1	alcohol dehydrogenase	Rice	Submergence tolerance	Rahman et al. (001	5688
ADH1	alcohol dehydrogenase	Arabidopsis	No effect on hypoxic stress survival	Ismond et al. 2003	6669
ADH1; ADH2	alcohol dehydrogenase	Maize	Chilling tolerance	Peters and Frenkel, 2004	7468
AhPDF	Defensin	Arabidopsis	Zinc toxicity tolerance	Mirouze et al., 2006	8404
AHK1	Regulatory gene	Arabidopsis	Down-regulation of stress responsive genes	Phan Tran et al., 2007	9164
AlSAP	Transcription factor	Tobacco	Drought, salinity, heat and freezing resistance	Ben Saad et al., 2010	10190
ALDH3	aldehyde dehydrogenase	Arabidopsis	Tolerance to dehydration, NaCl, heavy metals (Cu2+ and Cd2+), MV, and H2O2	Sunkar et al. 2003	6715
ALDH3I1 & ALDH7B4	aldehyde dehydrogenase	Arabidopsis	Salt, dehydration and oxidative stress tolerance	Kotchoni et al. 2006	8303
ZmALDH22A1	aldehyde dehydrogenase	Tobacco	Salt & dehydration tolerance	Huang et al., 2008	9529
Alx8	High APX2 and ABA	Arabidopsis	Drought resistance	Rossel et al, 2006	8164
AnnAt1	Annexin synthesis	Arabidopsis	Drought resistance	Konopka-Postupolska et al., 2009	9979
AnnBj1	Annexin synthesis	Cotton	Salt and osmotic resistance	Divya et al. 2010	10413
AP37	Transcription factor	Rice	Drought resistance in yield	Oh et al., 2009	9977
AREB1	ABA hypersensitivity	Arabidopsis	Dehydration survival	Fujita et al. 2005	8099
AREB1	ABRE-dependent ABA signaling	Arabidopsis	Drought resistance	Fujita et al. 2006	8099
ArsC	Arsenate reductase	Tobacco	Cadmium tolerance	Dhankher et al. 2003	6638
ARS5	Thiol synthesis	Arabidopsis	Arsenic tolerance	Sung et al., 2009	10086
ars4;ars5	Thiol synthesis	Arabidopsis	Arsenic tolerance	Sung et al., 2007	8729
ASR1	Undetermined	Tobacco	Decreased water loss; salt tolerance	Perlson et al., 2004	7462
AtAOX1	alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway of plant mitochondria	Arabidopsis	Cold acclimation	Fiorani et al. 2005	8085
AtATM3	Regulating nonprotein thiols (NPSH) levels	Arabidopsis	Cadmium tolerance	Kim et al. 2006	8253
AtBCB	Blue copper-binding protein	Arabidopsis	Suppress aluminum root absorption	Ezaki et al. 2001	5664
AtCBF1-3	Induced expression of COR genes	potato	Promoter driven freezing tolerance in yield	Pino et al., 2007	9022
AtCBF1	Induced expression of COR genes	Potato	Cold tolerance	Pino et al., 2008	9266
AtCML9	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Drought ans salt tolerance	Magnan et al., 2008	9606
AtCPK23	serine/threonine kinase	Arabidopsis	Stomatal regulation	Ma and Wu, 2007	9082
AtCPK6	calcium-dependent protein kinase	Arabidopsis	Salt and drought tolerance	Xu et al. 2010	10420
AtGluR2	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Calcium utilization under ionic stress	Kim et al. 2001	5172
AtGSK1	Homologue of GSK3/shaggy-like protein kinase	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance in whole plant and root growth	Piao et al., 2001	5526
ATHB6	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Cell division and /or differentiation in developing organs	Soderman et al. 1999	5617
AtMT2a AtMT3	Metallothioneins synthesis in guard cells	Faba bean	Cadmium tolerance through antioxidative action	Lee et al., 2004	7417
GhMT3a	Metallothionein synthesis and ROS scavenging	Tobacco	Drought, salt, cold tolerance	Xue et al., 2009	9762
AtNOA1	Nitric Oxide synthesis	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Zhao et al., 2007	8866
AtNOA1	Nitric Oxide synthesis	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Qiao et al., 2009	9649
AtPAP15	Acid phosphatase	Soybean	Phosphorus-use efficiency	Wang et al., 2009	10081
AtPCS1	Phytochelatin synthesis	Arabidopsis	Paradoxically showed hypersensitivity to Cd stress	Lee et al., 2003	6387
AtPCS1	Phytochelatin synthesis	Arabidopsis	Arsenic tolerance and cadmium hypersensitivity	Li et al., 2004	7513
AtPCS1	Phytochelatin synthesis	Tobacco	Cadmium tolerance	Pomponi et al. 2006	8092
AtPCS1	Phytochelatin synthesis	Indian mustard	As and Cd tolerance	Gasic et al., 2007	8912
AtPCS1	Phytochelatin synthesis	Tobacco	Variable Cadmium responses	Wojas et al., 2008	9387
AtPCS1 & CePCS	Phytochelatin synthesis	Tobacco	Arsenic accumulation and tolerance	Wojas et al. 2010	10220
---	Phytochelatin synthesis (3 genes)	Tobacco	Cadmium tolerance	Wawrzyski et al., 2006	8372
ATP-PRT	Free His accumulation	Alyssum	Nickel tolerance	Ingle et al., 2005	7812
AtPCS1	Phytochelatin synthesis	Indian Mustard	Cadmium and zinc tolerance	Gasic and Korban, 2007	8815
AtRabG3e	Intracellular vesicle trafficking	Arabidopsis	Salt and osmotic stress tolerance	Mazel et al., 2004	6975
atRZ-1a	Zinc finger glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins	Arabidopsis	Negative effect on germination and seedling growth under salt stress	Kim et al., 2007	9026
ATTS244 and ATTS405	FtsH protease protecting photosystem	Arabidopsis	Heat tolerance	Chen et al. 2006	8472
AZF1, AZF2, AZF3, and STZ	Cys2/His2-Type Zinc-Finger Proteins	Arabidopsis	Reduced growth and drought resistance	Sakamoto et al., 2004	7351
atRZ-1a	zinc finger-containing glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins (GR-RBPs)	Arabidopsis	Freezing tolerance	Yeon-Ok et al., 2005	7773
AtSZF1 & AtSZF2	CCCH-type zinc finger proteins, involved in salt stress responses	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Sun et al., 2007	9025
AtSPX1-4	Phosphate signaling	Arabidopsis	Possible phosphate efficiency	Duan et al. 2008	9367
OsSPX1	Phosphate signaling	Arabidopsis Tobacco	Cold tolerance	Zhao et al., 2009	9967
At-SRO5	Antioxidative action	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Rabajani et al., 2009	9672
BnPtdIns-PLC2	Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C	Canola	Drought resistance, early flowering	Georges et al., 2009	10128
BNCBF5- and 17 17	CBF/DREB1-like transcription factors	Brassica napus	Freezing tolerance and photosynthetic capacity	Savitch et al., 2005	7926
CAbZIP1	Plant development (dwarf phenotype)	Arabidopsis	Disease, drought and salt tolerance	Lee et al. 2006	8477
AtbZIP17	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Iu et al., 2008	9589
BAX	BCL2-associated x protein as the pro-PCD factor	Tobacco	Drought, salt and heat tolerance	Isbat et al., 2009	10073
bZIP23	Transcription factor	Rice	ABA sensitivity, drought and salt tolerance	Xiang et al., 2008	9694
ZIP72	Transcription factor	Rice	ABA sensitivity and drought resistance	Lu et al., 2009	9701
ThbZIP1	Transcription factor	Tobacco	Salt tolerance and antioxidant activity	Wang et al. 2010	10222
cad 1-3	Phytochelatin deficiency	Arabidopsis	Cadmium sensitivity, low photosynthesis, low nutrient status	Larsson et al., 2001	5382
cad 1-3	Phytochelatin deficiency	Arabidopsis	Cadmium sensitivity	Larsson et al. 2002	5873
Cad 1-3 ; cad 1-6	Phytochelatin deficiency	Arabidopsis	Zinc sensitivity	Tennstedt et al., 2009	9796
CAP2	Transcription factor	Tobacco	Drought and salt tolerance	Shukla et al. 2006	8470
CaPF1	Transcription factor	Virginia pine	Antioxidant activity and metal tolerance	Tang et al., 2005	8022
CaPIF1	Cys-2/His-2 zinc finger protein	Tomato	Chilling and disease resistance	Seong et al., 2007	8716
CBF1	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Cold tolerance	Jaglo-Ottosen et al. 1998	5611
CBF1	Transcription factor	Tomato	Chilling tolerance, antioxidative action	Tsai-Hung Hsieh et al. 2002	6124
CBF1	Transcription factor	Populus spp.	Cold tolerance	Benedict et al. 2006	8344
CBF1; CBF3	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Cold tolerance	Novillo et al., 2004	7114
CBF3	Transcription factor	Rice	Drought and salt resistance	Oh et al., 2005	7780
CBF4	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Drought and freezing tolerance (via activation of C-repeat/dehydration responsive element)	Haake et al., 2002	6232
Wcbf2	Transcription factor	Tobacco	Freezing tolerance	Takumi et al., 2008	9208
CBL1	Ca sensing protein	Arabidopsis	Salt and drought tolerance & cold sensitivity	Cheong et al. 2003	6707
CBL1	Ca sensing protein	Arabidopsis	Salt and drought resistance – reduced transpiration	Albrecht et al., 2003	6823
CBL1	Ca sensing protein	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Wang et al., 2007	9136
CBP20	cap binding complex	Arabidopsis	Loss of function (recessive) induces drought resistance	Papp et al., 2004	7420
CcHyPRP	A hybrid-proline-rich protein encoding gene	Arabidopsis	Heat, salt and osmotic resistance	Priyanka et al., 2010	10185
CGS	Cystathionine--synthase	Indian Mustard	Selenium tolerance due to enhanced Se Volatilization	Van Huysen et al., 2003	6888
CIT1	Mitochondrial citrate synthase	Canola	Increased root citrate exudation and Al tolerance	Anoop et al. 2003	6720
CjCS	Mitochondrial citrate synthase	Nicotiana benthamiana	Aluminum tolerance	Deng et al., 2009	9994
CpMYB10	Glucose sensitive and ABA hypersensitive	Arabidopsis	Desiccation and salinity tolerance	Villalobos et al. 2004	7173
cpSL	Selenocysteine lyase (mouse)	Brassica juncea	Selenium tolerance	Garifullina et al. 2003	6702
CRYOPHYTE/ LOS4	RNA helicase	Arabidopsis	Cold tolerance and heat sensitivity	Gong et al., 2004	7509
CUP1	metallothionein accumulation	Tobacco	Arbuscular mycorrhiza decreases cadmium phytoextraction in transgenic	Janoukova et al., 2005	7764
Cys	Enhanced cysteine synthase activity	Tobacco	Tolerance to sulfur containing pollutants	Masaki Noji et al., 2001	5429
desC	Acyl-lipid 9-desaturase	Tobacco	Increased fatty acid unsaturation and chilling tolerance	Orlova et al., 2003	6519
DREB	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Increased tolerance to cold, drought and salinity	Kasuga et al. 1999	4534
DREB	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Xu et al., 2009	9660
GhDREB1	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	freezing, salt and osmotic tolerance	Huang et al., 2009	9970
DREB1A	Transcription factor	Paspalum grass	Salinity and dehydration tolerance	Phan Tran et al., 2008	9167
DREB1A	Transcription factor	Peanut	High Transpiration efficiency	Bhatnagar-Mathur et al., 2009	9949
DREB1 or OsDREB1	Transcription factor	Rice	Drought, salt and cold tolerance with reduced growth under non-stress	Ito et al. 2006	8176
DREB1A	Transcription factor	Tobacco	Drought and cold tolerance	Kasuga et al., 2004	7091
DREB1A	Transcription factor	Tobacco	Salinity tolerance and dwarfing	Cong et l., 2008	9162
DREB1A	Transcription factor	wheat	Delayed wilting under drought stress	Pellegrineschi et al., 2004	7443
DREB1A	Transcription factor	Chrysanthemum	Heat tolerance	Hong et al., 2009	9905
DREB1A; DREB2A	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Drought-cold tolerance	Maruyama et al., 2009	10047
DREB2A	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Drought resistance	Sakuma et al. 2006	8302
DREB1B	Transcription factor	Tobacco	Osmotic and freezing tolerance	Gutha et al., 2008	9595
EhCaBP	Calcium binding protein	Tobacco	Enhanced germination and seedling growth under salinity	Pandey et al. 2002	5743
ERA1	Farnesyltransferase	Canola	Antisense promote drought resistance in the field	Wang et al., 2005	7775
ERA1	Farnesyltransferase	Canola	When downregulated promotes drought resistance	Wang et al. 2009	10203
FAD3 & FAD8	Increased fatty acid desaturation	Tobacco	Drought resistance	Meng et al., 2005	8020
FAD7	Increased fatty acid desaturation under COR15a	Tobacco	Cold tolerance	Khodakovskaya et al. 2006	8260
LeFAD3	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase	Tomato	chilling tolerance	Yua et al., 2009	10181
FER	Root development and physiology	tomato	Possibly, enhance iron nutrition	Hong-Qing Ling et al., 2002	6235
Ferritin	Iron storage protein	rice	Increased iron and zinc accumulation in grain	Vasconcelos et al., 2003	6393
FLD	Flavodoxin expression in chloroplasts	Tobacco	Resistance to heat, high irradiation, water deficit, UV	Tognettia et al. 2006	8446
FLD	Flavodoxin from bacteria expressed in chloroplasts	Tobacco	Iron deficiency tolerance	Tognetti et al., 2007	8993
FRO2	Ferric chelate reductase	Arabidopsis	Chilling tolerance/ antioxidant	Einset et al., 2008	9496
FRO2	Ferric chelate reductase responsible for reduction of iron at the root surface.	Arabidopsis	Iron deficiency tolerance	Connolly et al., 2003	6884
FRO7	Ferric reductase oxidase	Arabidopsis	Chloroplast iron acquisition, Iron deficiency tolerance	Jeong et al. 2008	9426
Gal	Raffinose hydrolysis	Petunia	Antisense expressed increased freezing tolerance	Pennycooke et al., 2003	6825
GASA4	Chaperone?	Arabidopsis	Heat tolerance	Ko et al., 2007	9084
Gli1	Mutant lack glycerol catabolism	Arabidopsis	Accumulated glycerol confers dehydration resistance	Eastmond, 2004	6974
GhDREB1	Transcription factor	Tobacco	Chilling tolerance, negatively regulated by gibberellic acid	Shan et al., 2007	9012
GhDBP1	Repression transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Induces salt sensitivity	Dong et al. 2010	10217
GPAT	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase of chloroplasts	Rice	Chilling tolerance.	Ariizumi et al., 2002	6190
GR-RBP4	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	No effect on cold tolerance	Kwak et al., 2005	7989
HAL1	Promote K+/Na+ selectivity	Tomato	Salt tolerance in growth and fruit production	Rus et al., 2001	5483
HAL1	Promote K+/Na+ selectivity	Watermelon	Salt tolerance in growth	Ellul et al. 2003	6775
HAL2 (Yeast)	Promote K+/Na+ selectivity	Tomato	Salt tolerance in calli and rooting	Arrillaga et al. 1998	4537
Hb	hemoglobin	Alfalfa	Modulation of NO under hypoxia?	Dordas et al. 2003	6758
HMA5	Cu-transporting P-type ATPase	Arabidopsis	Copper tolerance	Andrés-Colás et al. 2006	8081
AtHMA3	Heavy metal transport	Arabidopsis	Vacuolar heavy metal sequestration	Morel et al., 2009	9794
HOS9	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Cold tolerance, growth	Zhu et al., 2004	7289
HOS10	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Cold tolerance, growth	Zhu et al., 2005	7806
HOS15	A WD40-repeat protein	Arabidopsis	Cold tolerance	Zhu et al., 2008	9316
HOT2	Encode a chitinase-like protein	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Kwon et al., 2007	8640
HsfA2	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Resistance to environmental stresses	Ayako et al., 2006	8534
HsfA2	Heat-inducible transactivator	Arabidopsis	Heat tolerance	Charng et al., 2007	8645
HSFA9	Transcription factor (seed)	Tobacco	Desiccation tolerance in vegetative tissues	Prieto-Dapena et al. 2008	9368
HvCBF4	Transcription factor	Rice	Drought, salt chilling tolerance	Oh et al., 2007	9023
InsP3	Human type Inositol-(1,4,5)-trisphosphate	Tomato	Drought resistance	Khodakovskaya et al. 2010	10240
IMPDH	Root Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenases	Soybean	Reduced Al uptake in root	Ermolayev et al., 2003	6853
ISPS	Isoprene synthesis	Poplar trees	Silencing the gene cause susceptibility to heat	Behnke et ak., 2007	8983
ISPS	Isoprene synthesis	Poplar trees	Overexpression induce heat tolerance	Sasaki et al., 2007	9027
ITN1	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Sakamoto et al., 2008	9605
GmERF3	Jasmonate and ethylene-responsive factor 3	Tobacco	Drought, salt and disease resistance	Zhang et al., 2009	10074
JERF3	Jasmonate and ethylene-responsive factor 3	Tobacco	Salinity tolerance	Wang et al., 2004	7419
SodERF3	Ethylene-responsive factor 3	Tobacco	Drought resistance	Trujillo et al., 2008	9298
JERF1	Jasmonate and ethylene-responsive factor 1	Tobacco	Salinity tolerance	Zhang et al., 2004	7472
JERF1	Jasmonate and ethylene-responsive factor 1	Tobacco	Salt and cold tolerance	Wu et al., 2007	9036
JERF1	Jasmonate and ethylene-responsive factor 1	Wheat	Multiple stress tolerance	Xu et al., 2007	9135
JERF3	Jasmonate and ethylene-responsive factor 3	Tobacco	Drought, salt and freezing tolerance	Wu et al., 2008	9695
TSRF1	Ethylene-responsive factor 1	Rice	Drought resistance	Quan et al. 2010	10405
TERF2/LeERF2	Ethylene-responsive factor	Tomato Tobacco	Freezing tolerance	Zhang and Huang 2010	10411
KAPP	Kinase-associated protein phosphatase	Arabidopsis	Salt (Na+) tolerance	Manabe et al., 2008	9204
LeGPAT	Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase	Tomato	Photosystem chilling tolerance	Sui et al., 2007	9038
lew2	Wilting allele; cellulose synthesis complex	Arabidopsis	Drought resistance	Chen et al. 2005	7774
LIP19	Regulator of Cor/Lea genes	Tobacco	Freezing tolerance	Kobayashi et al., 2008	9257
MBF1c	Transcriptional coactivator multiprotein bridging factor	Arabidopsis	Tolerance to bacterial infection, heat, osmotic stress	Suzuki et al., 2005	8028
ME	NADP-malic enzyme which converts malate and NADP to pyruvate, NADPH, and CO2	Tobacco	Reduced stomatal conductance	Laporte et al. 2002	5895
NADP-ME 2	NADP-malic enzyme	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Liu et al., 2007	8864
MerA	Mercuric ion reductase	Plants	Mercury tolerance	Bizily et al., 2003	6383
MerA; MerB	mercuric ion reductase and organomercurial lyase respectively	Plants	Mercury tolerance	Ruiz et al. 2003	6670
MerA9; MerA18	mercuric ion reductase	Populus deltoides	Mercury tolerance	Che et al. 2003	6706
merApe9	mercuric ion reductase	Tobacco	Mercury tolerance by mercury volatilization	He et al. 2001	5692
MerB	Organomercurial lyase	Plants	Mercury tolerance	Bizily et al., 2003	6383
MH1	DNA helicase	Arabidopsis	Drought and salt resistance due to antioxidative action	Luo et al., 2009	9751
MIZ1	Hydrotropism of root	Arabidopsis	Dehydration avoidance?	Kobayashi et al., 2007	8816
MKK9	MAP Kinase	Arabidopsis	Salt resistance in germination	Alzwiya et al., 2007	8979
MsPRP2	Transcription factor	Alfalfa	Increased salinity tolerance	Winicov and Bastola 1999	5622
MYBS3	Transcription factor	Rice	Cold tolerance	Su et al. 2010	10415
MT	Metallothionein encoding	Arabidopsis	Copper and zinc tolerance	Guo et al., 2008	9306
na	nicotianamine synthase- metal chelating	tobacco	Nickel tolerance	Douchkov et al., 2005	7578
naat	Nicotianamine aminotransferase activity	Rice	Fe efficiency, high phytosiderophores secretion, grain yield	Michiko Takahashi et al., 2001	5384
NDPK1	nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2	Potato	Multiple stress resistance	Tang et al. 2008	9430
NFYB2	Transcription factor	Maize	Drought resistance	Nelson et al., 2007	9612
NahG	salicylate hydroxylase expression	Arabidopsis	Reduced leaf necrosis under salt stress	Borsani et al., 2001	5432
NPK1	mitogen-activated protein kinase	Maize	Frost tolerance without hardening	Shou et al., 2004	7045
NPK1	mitogen-activated protein kinase	Maize	Drought resistance of photosynthesis	Shou et al., 2004	7156
NtC7	Trans-membrane protein, osmotic adjustment	Tobacco	Resistance to osmotic stress	Tamura et al., 2003	6385
NtGDI1	GDP dissociation inhibitor	Arabidopsis	Promote Al release from roots	Ezaki et al. 2001	5664
OsCDPK7	Transcription factor	Rice	Increased cold salinity and drought tolerance	Saijo et al. 2000	4866
OsCIPK01–OsCIPK30	Calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinases	Rice	Cold salt and drought tolerance	Xiang et al., 2007	8984
CIPK6	Calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase	Tobacco	Salt tolerance	Tripathi et al., 2009	9904
OrbHLH2	helix-loop-helix (bHLH) encoding gene	Arabidopsis	Salt and osmotic tolerance	Zhu et al., 2009	10016
OsCOIN	RING finger protein	Rice	Cold, salt and drought tolerance and overexpression of P5CS	Liu et al., 2007	9037
OsHsfA2e	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Heat tolerance	Yokotani et al. 2008	9313
OCPI1	Transcription factor	Rice	Drought resistance in yield	Huang et al., 2007	8873
ocp3	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Drought resistance	Ramirez et al., 2009	9903
OPBP1	Transcription factor	Tobacco	Salinity and disease tolerance	Guo et al., 2004	7418
OsENOD93-1	Early Nodulin gene	Rice	Nitrogen-use efficiency	Bi et al., 2009	10131
OsGL1-1 to OsGL1-11	Glossy leaf (epicuticular wax)	Rice	Wax synthesis and drought resistance	Islam et al., 2009	9976
OsSbp	Calvin cycle enzyme sedoheptulose-1,7- bisphosphatase	Rice	Tolerance of photosynthesis to salt	Feng et al., 2007	9005
OsDREB1A	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Drought, salt, freezing tolerance	Dubouzet et al., 2003	6429
OsMYB3R-2	MYB homeodomain, and zinc finger proteins	Arabidopsis	Drought, salt, freezing tolerance	Dai et al., 2007	8803
OsiSAP8	Stress/zinc finger protein	Rice	Salt drought and cold tolerance	Kanneganti and Gupta, 200	9181
OsNAC10	Transcription factor	Rice	Drought resistance in the field	Jeong et al. 2010	10416
OsPHR	Phosphate starvation signaling	Rice	Phosphate deficiency resistance	Jie Zhou et al., 2008	9305
OsPRP3	Cell wall Proline rich protein	Arabidopsis	Cold tolerance	Gothandam et al., 2010	10189
OsPTF1	Transcription factor	Rice	Phosphate deficiency resistance	Yi et al., 2005	7861
OsUGE-1	Raffinose synthesis	Arabidopsis	Resistance to abiotic stresses	Liu et al., 2007	9071
P6	Ferritin	Tabacco	Iron Deficiency tolerance	Robin et al., 2006	8397
PARP1; PARP2	Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase	Arabidopsis; Brassica	Silencing induces drought and heat tolerance	Block et al., 2004	7514
PDH45	DNA helicase 45	Pea	Salinity tolerance in yield	Sanan-Mishra et al., 2005	7526
PLD?1	Modulation of COR genes	Arabidopsis	Cold tolerance	Rajashekar et al., 2006	8456
PLD	Phospholipase D	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Bargmann et al., 2009	9678
PP2C	Protein phosphatase type-2c	Arabidopsis	Drought and salt susceptibility	Liu et al., 2009	9754
PRD	Phosphate Root Development	Arabidopsis	Regulates root architectural responses to Pi starvation.	Camacho-Cristóbal et al. 2008	9424
RGS1	Regulation of G-protein signalling	Arabidopsis	ABA mediated root elongation and drought resistance	Chen et al. 2006	8331
S851	Encodes 8 sphingolipid desaturase in cell membranes	Arabidopsis	Aluminum tolerance	Ryan et al., 2007	9029
SacB	Fructan synthesis	Tonacco	Freezing tolerance	Parvanova et al., 2004	7334
SBP1	Selenium binding protein	Arabidopsis	Cadmium toxicity tolerance	Dutilleul et al., 2008	9371
SCABP8	Interacts with SOS2	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Quan et al., 2007	8908
SCOF-1	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis, Tobacco	Increased cold tolerance	Kim et al. 2001a	5218
ShMTP1	CDF Mn+2 sequestering protein	Arabidopsis	Mn+2 tolerance	Delhaize et al. 2003	6551
See2	Senescence-associated legumain gene	Maize	Role in N-use under N-deficiency	Donnison et al., 2007	8630
shn	Increased epicuticular wax	Arabidopsis	High cuticular resistance	Aharoni et al., 2004	7363
SL	Se-Cys lyase	Arabidopsis	Selenium tolerance	Pilon et al., 2003	6472
smGTP	Encode small guanosine triphosphate binding protein	Lolium temulentum	Salt & dehydration resistance	Dombrowski et al., 2008	9291
SlNAGS1	Ornithine accumulation	Arabidopsis	Drought and salt tolerance	Kalamaki et al., 2009	9767
SIZ1	SUMO E3 ligase	Arabidopsis	Basal heat tolerance	Chan Yul Yoo et al., 2006	8577
SNAC1	Transcription factor	Rice	Drought and salt tolerance	Hu et al., 2006	8447
SNAC2	Transcription factor	Rice	Cold, salinity, dehydration tolerance	Hu et al., 2008	9303
ONAC063	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Yokotani et al., 2009	9819
SQE1	Squalene epoxidase enzyme	Arabidopsis	Root sterol biosynthesis and rought resistance	Posé et al., 2009	9974
SPS	sucrose phosphate synthase	Arabidopsis	Increased sucrose synthesis and freezing tolerance	Strand et al., 2003	6525
SRK2C	Protein kinase	Arabidopsis	Osmotic stress/drought resistance	Umezawa et al., 2004	7475
STO	Protein binds to a Myb transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Shuuichi and Takano 2003	6736
STOP1	Zinc finger protein	Arabidopsis	Aluminum tolerance	Luchi et al., 2007	8925
STOP1	Zinc finger protein	Arabidopsis	Aluminum tolerance	Sawaki et al., 2009	9908
Sto1	Reduced ABA accumulation	Arabidopsis	Better growth under salt stress	Ruggiero et al., 2004	7355
Sub1A	ERF transcription factor	Rice	Submergence tolerance	Fukao and Bailey-Serres, 2008	9599
TaPP2Ac-1	catalytic subunit (c) of protein phosphatase 2A	Tobacco	Drought resistance; maintain RWC and membrane stability	Xu et al., 2007	8658
TaSTK	serine/threonine protein kinase	Wheat	Salt tolerance	Ge et al., 2007	8923
TaSrg6	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Drought resistance	Tonga et al., 2007	8870
TERF1	ERF transcription activator	Tobacco	ABA sensitivity and drought resistance	Zhang et al., 2005	8033
ThIPK2	Inositol polyphosphate kinase	Brassica	Salt and drought resistance	Zhu et al., 2009	9964
Tsi1	Transcription factor	Tobacco	Increase osmotic stress tolerance	Park et al. 2001	5350
uvi1	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	UV-B tolerance due photoreactivation of CPDs and dark repair of (6-4) photoproducts,	Tanaka et al., 2002	6024
VuNCED1	Involved in ABA biosynthesis	Creeping bent grass	Salinity and drought resistance	Aswath et al., 2005	8019
WAB15	Transcription factor	Tobacco	Freezing, osmotic and salt tolerance	Kobayashi et al., 2008	9492
WRKY25 & WRKY33	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Jiang and Deyholos, 2008	9596
WRKY45	Transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Drought resistance	Qiu and Yu, 2009	9647
WXP1	Epicuticular wax accumulation	Alfalfa	Drought resistance in maintained leaf water status and delayed wilting	Zhang et al., 2005	7772
WXP1	Epicuticular wax accumulation	White clover	Drought resistance	Jiang et al. 2010	10279
WXP1;WXP2	Epicuticular wax accumulation	Arabidopsis	Drought and freezing tolerance	Zhang et al., 2007	8865
wft1, wft2	Fructan synthesis	Ryegrass	Freezing tolerance	Hisanoa et al., 2004	7271
wft1, wft2	Fructan synthesis	Rice	Chilling tolerance	Kawakami et al., 2008	9255
WRSI5	Protease inhibitors	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Shan et al. 2008	9417
	Protease inhibitors	Tobacco	Salt tolerance	Srinivasan et al., 2009	9784
ZIF1	Zn sequestration	Arabidopsis	Zinc tolerance	Haydon and Cobbett, 2007	8802
ZmDREB2A	Encodes HSP & LEA proteins	Arabidopsis	Drought and heat tolerance	Qin et al., 2007	8829
ZmPLC1	Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C	Maize	High RWC, osmotic adj, photosynthesis, yield	Wang et al., 2008	9314
ZPT2-3	Encodes a Cys2/His2-type zinc finger protein	Petunia	Dehydration tolerance	Shoji et al., 2004	6920
MtZpt2	zinc finger protein	Medicao	Recover Root growth under salt stress	Merchan et al., 2007	8911

Hormone regulating genes (To top)

Gene	Gene Action	Species	Phenotype	Reference	ID*
ABI1, ABI2	ABA regulation	Arabidopsis	Heat tolerance	Larkindale et al., 2005	7783
ABA2	ABA regulation	Arabidopsis	Tolerance to various prolonged stresses?	Lin et al., 2007	8734
ABA27	ABA hypersensitivity	Wheat	Freezing tolerance	Kobayashi et al., 2008	9155
hab1 group	ABA hypersensitivity	Arabidopsis	Dehydration avoidance	Saez et al., 2006	8435
ACC	ACC de-aminase	Tobacco	Increased flooding (waterlogging) tolerance	Grichko and Glick 2001	5214
AtMYB44	ABA sensitivity	Arabidopsis	Stomatal closure	Jung et al., 2008	9205
AtNCED3	Increased ABA synthesis	Arabidopsis	Reduced transpiration and drought resistance	Iuchi et al., 2001	5527
AtPP2CA	Reduce ABA sensitivity	Arabidopsis	Induce cold sensitivity	Tahtiharju and Palva, (2001)	5437
bri1	brassinosteroid-insensitive mutant		Dwarfism and cold tolerance	Kim et al. 2010	10230
EIN2	Ethylene and ABA signaling pathways	Arabidopsis	Salt and osmotic stress responsees	Wang et al., 2007	8975
EIN2	Ethylene and ABA signaling pathways	Arabidopsis	Lead toxicity resistance	Cao et al., 2009	9803
Eto 1-1	Ethylene over-production	Arabidopsis	Reduced ABA sensitivity and greater transpiration	Tanaka et al., 2005	7859
CYP707A3	Regulate ABA levels	Arabidopsis	Dehydration and rehydration responses	Umezawa et al. 2006	8245
LE-ACS6	1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (tomato)	Tobacco	Responsible for visible Ozone damage symptoms	Nakajima et al., 2002	6007
LLA23	Reduced ABA sensitivity	Arabidopsis	Drought and salt resistance	Yang et al., 2005	8026
NTHK1	Ethylene receptor	Arabidopsis	Salt sensitivity	Cao et al., 2007	8733
NCED	ABA synthesis enzyme (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase)	Tobacco	Drought and salt tolerance via stomatal closure and enhanced SOD	Zhang et al., 2008	9355
PSAG12-IPT	Over production of cytokinins	Petunia	Delayed leaf senescence (not tested under stress)	Clark et al., 2004	6904
PLD alpha	Phospholipase D (alpha) expression	Arabidopsis	Increase sensitivity to ABA and reduce transpiration	Sang et al. 2001	5635
rolD	ACC deaminase	Canola	Lower ethylene and Nickel tolerance	Stearns et al., 2005	7929
SAG12:ipt	Increased cytokinin biosynthesis	Arabidopsis	Flooding tolerance and recovery	Nguyen Huynh et al., 2005	7659
SAG12-ipt	Increased cytokinin biosynthesis	Creeping bentgrass	Delayed senescence & heat tolerance	Xu et al., 2009	9788
PSARK::IPT	Increased cytokinin biosynthesis	Tobacco	Delayed senescence and photosynthesis protection	Rivero et al., 2009	9980
sp12 and sp5	ABA overproduction	Tomato	High water-use efficiency, low transpiration and greater root hydraulic conductance	Thompson et al., 2007	8805
tos1	Increased ABA sensitivity	tomato	Hypersensitive to osmotic stress and exogenous ABA	Borsani et la., 2002	6330
ZmACS6	Ethylene synthesis	Maize	Non-functional mutant expressed drought induced senescence	Todd et al., 2004	7471
35S::ZOG1	Trans-zeatin O-glucosyltransferase gene	Tobacco	High cytokinin in root under drought stress	Havlova et al., 2008	9200

Oxidative stress related genes (To top)

Gene	Gene Action	Species	Phenotype	Reference	ID*
‘AO’	Ascorbate oxidase	Tobacco & Arabidpsis	Salt sensitivity in germination, photosynthesis, & seed yield	Yamamoto et al., 2005	7744
ALR	Aldose/aldehyde reductase	Tobacco	Drought and UV-B tolerance	Hideg et al., 2003	6524
ALR	Aldose/aldehyde reductase	Tobacco	Cold and cadmium stress tolerance	Hegedüs et al., 2004	7098
'AO'	Ascorbate oxidase	Tobacco	Reduced redox state of ascorbate and increased ozone susceptibility	Sanmartin et al., 2003	6545
ApGPX2 and AcGPX2	Glutathione peroxidase (GPX)-like proteins	Arabidopsis	Oxidative stress, drought and salt resistance	Gaber et al. 2006	8466
Apx	Ascorbate peroxidase	Cotton	Photoprotection under chilling stress	Kornyeyev et al. 2003	6769
PpAPX	Ascorbate peroxidase	Tobacco	Drought and salt resistance	Li et al., 2009	10043
Apx	Ascorbate peroxidase	Tomato	Chilling and salt tolerance	Wang et al., 2005	7630
Apx1	Ascorbate peroxidase	Arabidopsis	Heat tolerance	Shi et al. 2001	5715
APX2	Ascorbate peroxidase	Arabidopsis	High light and drought tolerant mutant	Rossel et al. 2006	8164
Apx3	Ascorbate peroxidase	Tobacco	Increased protection against oxidative stress	Wang et al. 1999	4531
Apx3	Ascorbate peroxidase	Tobacco	Drought resistance in photosynthesis	Juqiang Yan et al. 2003	6614
AtMDAR1	Monodehydroascorbate reductase; Ascorbate regeneration	Tobacco	Ozone, salt and polyethylene glycol tolerance	Eltayeb et al., 2007	8814
CAT	Wheat catalase	Rice	Reduction in rice H2O2 under chilling stress	Matsumura et al., 2002	6218
DHAR	regeneration of ascorbate	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Ushimaru et al., 2006	8492
DHAR	regeneration of ascorbate	Tobacco	tolerance to ozone, drought, salt, and PEG	Elsadig et al. 2006	8297
Gly1; gly2	Glutathione-based detoxification of methylglyoxal.	Tobacco	Salt tolerance	Singla-Pareek et al. 2006	8261
GmPAP3	Purple acid phosphatases	Tobacco	Enhancing ROS scavenging	Li et al., 2008	9259
GmTP55	Antiquitin-like protein	Soyban Tobacco	Resistance to drought, salt and oxidative stress	Rodrigues et al. 2006	8330
GPX	Glutathione peroxidase	Tobacco	Chilling and salt resistance	Kazuya et al., 2004	6921
GST	glutathione S-transferase overexpression	Arabidopsis	No whole-plant salt resistance despite antioxidant activity	Katsuhara et al., 2005	7793
GST	glutathione S-transferase overexpression	Arabidopsis	Cold tolerance	Huang et al., 2009	9720
GST	glutathione S-transferase overexpression	Cotton	No whole-plant salt resistance and no antioxidant activity	Light et al., 2005	8032
GST	glutathione S-transferase overexpression	Rice	Salt and chilling resistance	Zhao and Zhang, 2006	8555
GST/GPX	Glutathione S-transferase with Glutathione peroxidase	Tobacco	Increased stress tolerance	Roxas et al. 2000	5046
katE	Escherichia coli catalase	Tobacco	Salt tolerance by hydrogen peroxide scavenging	Al-Taweel et al., 2007	9030
MdSPDS1	Spermidine synthase	Pear	Aluminum tolerance	Wen et al., 2009	9943
MsFer	Ferritin (iron storage)	Tobacco	Increased tolerance to oxidative damage caused by excess iron	Deak et al. 1999	5608
ndhCKJ	NAD(P)H dehydrogenase	Tobacco	Photosystem function under heat stress	Wang et al. 2006	8353
Nt107	Glutathione S-transferase	Tobacco	Sustained growth under cold and salinity stress	Roxas et al. 1997	5616
NtPox	Gluthathione peroxidase	Arabidopsis	Protect against Al toxicity and oxidative stress	Ezaki et al. 2001	5664
OXS3	Oxidative stress resistance	Arabidopsis	Heavy metal tolerance	Blanvillain et al., 2009	9826
parB	Glutathione S-transferase	Arabidopsis	Protect against Al toxicity and oxidative stress	Ezaki et al. 2000	4728
parB	Glutathione S-transferase	Arabidopsis	Protect against Al toxicity and oxidative stress	Ezaki et al. 2001	5664
PvGRX5	Fern glutaredoxin production	Arabidopsis	Heat tolerance	Sundaram and Rathinasabapathi, 2010	10249
SOD	Mn superoxide dismutase	Alfalfa	tolerance to freezing stress	McKersie et al. 1993	5615
SOD	Mn superoxide dismutase	Alfalfa	tolerance to water deficit	McKersie et al. 1996	3345
SOD	Mn superoxide dismutase	Alfalfa	winter survival	McKersie et al. 1999	3894
SOD	Mn/Fe superoxide dismutase	Alfalfa	Background dependent increased photosynthesis under drought stress	Maria  et al., 2002	6103
SOD	Cu, MN, Fe. Zn-SOD	Alfalfa, rye grass	Increased winter hardiness	McKersie 2001	5614
SOD	Mn superoxide dismutase	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Wang et al., 2004	7266
SOD	Mn superoxide dismutase	Arabidopsis	Heat tolerance	Im et al., 2009	10144
SOD	Mn superoxide dismutase	Canola	aluminum tolerance	Basu et al., 2001	5684
SOD+CAT	Mn superoxide dismutase +	Chinese cabbage	Salt tolerance	Tsenga et al., 2007	9086
SOD	Mn superoxide dismutase	Rice	Reduced injury and sustained photosynthesis under PEG stress	Wang et al., 2005	7724
SOD+APX	Mn superoxide dismutase +	Tal fescue	Heavy metals tolerance	Lee et al., 2007	9122
SOD	Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase	Tobacco	Retained photosynthesis under chilling and heat stress	Gupta et al. 1993	5609
SOD	Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase	Tobacco	enhanced tolerance to salt, water, and PEG stresses,	Badawi et al., 2004	7033
SOD	Fe superoxide dismutase	Tobacco	Protected plants from ozone damage	Van Camp et al. 1994	5621
SOD	Mn superoxide dismutase	Tobacco	Reduced cellular damage under oxidative stress	Bowler et al. 1991	5606
SOD	Mn superoxide dismutase	Tobacco	tolerance to Mn deficiency	Yu et al. 1999	4512
SOD	Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase	Tobacco, Tomato	No protection seen against superoxide toxicity	Tepperman and Dunsmuir 1990	5619
SOD1	Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase	Rice	Salt tolerance	Prashanth et al., 2008	9324
swpa4	Peroxidases activity	Tobacco	Resistance to various stresses	Kim et al., 2008	9312
TFT7	A 14-3-3 protein with antioxidative function?	Tomato	Salinity tolerance	Wu and Shi, 2008	9189
TIL1	Temperature-induced lipocalins	Arabidopsis	Heat tolerance via reduced lipid peroxidation	Chi et al., 2009	9897
vtc-1	Ascorbate deficient mutant	Arabidopsis	Sensitivity to salinity stress	Huang et al., 2005	7990
vtc1, vtc2, npq1, cad2	reactive oxygen metabolism mutants	Arabidopsis	Heat tolerance/sensitivity	Larkindale et al., 2005	7783

Genes encoding for molecular chaperones and other proteins (To top)

Gene	Gene Action	Species	Phenotype	Reference	ID*
ACBP6	0-kD acyl-coenzyme A-binding protein	Arabidopsis	Freezing tolerance	Chen et al., 2008	9531
AnnBj1	Annexin	Tobacco	dehydration, salt & Cd tolerance	Jami et al., 2008	9582
ApDnaK	Binding protein	Poplar	Salt, drought & cold tolerance	Takabe et al., 2008	9594
APG6	Chloroplast structure	Arabidopsis	Heat tolerance	Myouga et al. 2006	8474
AtCaM3	Calmodulin production	Aradidopsis	Heat tolerance	Zhang et al., 2009	9799
AtDjA2 & atDjA3	J-domain molecular chaperone family	Arabidopsis	Heat tolerance	Li et al., 2007	9034
AtEF1	Elongation factor/ molecular chaperone?	Arabidopsis	Salinity tolerance	Shin et al., 2009	9986
AtMTP3	Metal tolerance protein	Arabidopsis	Zinc tolerance	Arrivault et al. 2006	8307
Atsbp1	Selenium binding protein	Arabidopsis	Selenium tolerance	Agalou et al., 2005	7899
atRZ-1a	RNA chaperone protein	Arabidopsis	Cold tolerance	Kim and Kang 2006	8338
BiP	Endoplasmic reticulum binding protein (BiP)	Tobacco	Maintenance of plant water status under drought stress and antioxidative defence	Alvim et al., 2001	5433
BiP	Endoplasmic reticulum binding protein (BiP)	Soybean, tobacco	Drought resistance and delayed senescence	Valente et al., 2009	9763
CaHSP26	Chloroplast (CP)-localized small heat shock protein	Tobacco	Protection of PSII and PSI during chilling	Guo et al. 2007	8673
CspA, CspB	Molecular chaperones	Maize	Drought resistance in yield under field conditions	Castiglioni et al., 2008	9609
CSDP1 ; CSDP2	Cold shock proteins	Arabidopsis	Cold tolerance	Park et al., 2009	9785
hs	Heat shock transcription factor	Arabidopsis	Increased thermotolerance in transgenic plants	Lee et al. 1995	5612
PpDHNA	Dehydrin protein accumulation	Moss	Salt and osmotic stress tolerance	Saavedra et al. 2006	8082
RcDhn5	Dehydrin protein accumulation	Arabidopsis	Freezing tolerance	Peng et al., 2008	9581
HSC70-1	heat shock cognate	Arabidopsis	Dwarfism, salinity and mineral toxicity resistance	Cazalé wt al, 2009	9954
HSG1, HSG4, HSG14, HSG19	Smal heat shock proteins	Grapevine	Heat tolerance	Kobayashi et al. 2010	10397
Hsp101	Heat shock protein	Arabidopsis	Decreased Thermotolerance in Hsp101 deficient (hot1) mutant	Hong and Vierling 2000	5363
Hsp101	Heat shock protein	Arabidopsis	Manipulated themotolerance in transgenic plants	Queitsch et al. 2000	4733
Hsp101	Heat shock protein	Rice	Heat tolerance in plant growth	Katiyar-Agarwal et al. 2003	6430
Hsp17.7	Heat shock protein	Carrot	Increased or decreased thermotolerance	Malik et al. 1999	4526
Hsp26	Heat shock protein	Arabidopsis	Freezing tolerance	Xue et al., 2009	9757
HSP26	Heat shock protein	Arabidopsis	Heat tolerance	Xue et al., 2010	10262
Hsp70	Heat-inducible antisense HSP70	Arabidopsis	Increased thermotolerance in transgenic plants	Lee and Schoof 1999	5613
Hsp70	Heat shock protein	Arabidopsis	Heat tolerance	Montero-Barrientos et al. 2010	10394
LeHSP100/ClpB	Chloroplast HSP	Tomato	Heat tolerance	Yang et al. 2006	8468
LeVDE	Regulates violaxanthin de-epoxidase	Tomato	Alleviate photoinibition during chilling stress	Han et al. 2010	10221
mHSP22	Mitochondrial small HSP	Arabidopsis	Heat tolerance (high leaf mass after heat stress)	Rhoads et al., 2005	7619
OsMT1a	Type 1 metallothionein	Rice	Zinc homeostasis and drought tolerance	Yang et al., 2009	9793
OsRMC	Apoplastic proteins	Rice	Salt tolerance	Zhang et al., 2009	9795
P5CR	Inducible heat shock promoter (IHSP)	Soybean	Increased proline accumulation	de Ronde et al. 2000	4936
pBE2113/ hiC6	Overexpressed HIC6 cryoprotective protein	Tobacco	Freezing tolerance; reduced membrane injury	Honjoh et al., 2001	5531
ROF1	Small HSP	Arabidopsis	Heat tolerance	Meiri and Breiman, 2009	10052
ROF2	Interacts with ROF1	Arabidopsis	Heat tolerance	Meiri et al., 2010	10191
S1pt::ECS	glutamylcysteine synthetase	Arabidopsis	Metal tolerance	Li et al. 2006	8310
SFR1	“Sensitive-to-freezing protein”	Arabidopsis	Cold protection of chloroplast	Fourrier et al. 2008	9427
SFR1	“Sensitive-to-freezing protein”	Arabidopsis	Cold protection of chloroplast	Fourrier et al., 2008	9536
TLHS1	Overexpressed class I cytosolic small HSP	Tobacco	Seedling thermotolerance	Park and Hong 2002	5811
WCOR410	Dehydrin	strawberry	Freezing tolerance	Houde et al., 2004	7362
wx	Control amylose synthesis	Rice	Increased amylose content at low temperature	Hirano and Sano 1998	5610
Ta-Ub2	Mono-ubiquitin	Tobacco	Drought tolerance	Guo et al., 2008	9565

Genes encoding proton pumps, antiporters, ion transporters and aquaporins (To top)

Gene	Gene Action	Species	Phenotype	Reference	ID*
AhHMA4	Low Cd & Zn in cytoplasm	Arabidopsis	Cadmium & Zinc tolerance	Courbot et al., 2007	8917
ALMT1	aluminum-activated malate transporter	Arabidopsis	Aluminum tolerance	Hoekenga et al. 2006	8362
ALMT1	aluminum-activated malate transporter	Arabidopsis	Aluminum tolerance	Kobayashi et al., 2007	9138
ALMT1	aluminum-activated malate transporter	Arabidopsis	Aluminum tolerance	Liu et al., 2008	9705
ALMT1	aluminum-activated malate transporter	Barley	Aluminum tolerance	Delhaize et al., 2004	7428
ALMT1	aluminum-activated malate transporter	Wheat/tobacco	Aluminum tolerance	Takayuki et al., 2004	7024
ALMT1	aluminum-activated malate transporter	Barley	Acid soil tolerance	Delhaize et al., 2009	9893
ALS1	Encodes an ABC transporter-like protein	Arabidopsis	Aluminum tolerance; Al transport & sequestration	Larsen et al., 2007	8872
ALS3	Encodes an ABC transporter-like protein	Arabidopsis	Aluminum tolerance	Larsen et al., 2004	7515
ALS3	Encodes an ABC transporter-like protein	Arabidopsis	Aluminum tolerance	Gabrielson et al. 2006	8219
AqpL1	Aquaporin	Tobacco	Enhance osmotic water uptake by leaf cells	Ding et al., 2004	6970
NtAQP1	Aquaporin	Tomato	Productivity and WUE	Sade et al. 2010	10247
AtCAX2;AtCAX4	Cation/proton antiporters	Tobacco	Cadmium, zinc, manganese resistance	Korenkov et al., 2007	9093
Atchx21	Putative Na+/H+ antiporter	Arabidopsis	Sodium concentrations in plant, root growth, plant size	Hall et al. 2006	8231
AtHKT1	Reduction in Sodium in root	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Horie et al. 2006	8335
AtCNGC10	plasma membrane cation transport	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Guo et al., 2008	9579
AtHKT1	Sodium and Potassium transporter	cells	Reduced sodium accumulation	Tomoaki et al. 2005	8080
AtMGT1	Mg++ transporter protein	Nicotiana benthamiana	Magnesium deficiency tolerance	Deng et al., 2006	8568
AtMRP4	Stomatal guard cell plasma membrane ABCC-type ABC transporter,	Arabidopsis	Drought susceptibility due to loss of stomatal control	Markus et al., 2004	7252
AtMTP11	Encode proteins of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family	Arabidopsis	Manganese tolerance	Delhaize et al., 2007	8981
AtNHX1	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Yokoi et al., 2002	6120
AtNHX1	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	Brassica napus	Salt tolerance, growth, seed yield and seed oil quality	Zhang, Hong-Xia et al., 2001	5596
AtNHX1	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	Buckwheat	Salt tolerance	Chen et al., 2008	9168
AtNHX1	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	Cotton	Salt tolerance in photosynthesis and yield	He et al., 2005	8007
AtNHX1	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	Tall fwscue	Salt tolerance	Zhao et al., 2007	9070
AtNHX1	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	Tomato	Salt tolerance, growth, fruit yield	Apse et al., 1999	5523
AtNHX1	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	Wheat	Salt tolerance for grain yield in the field	Xue et al., 2004	7270
AtNHX1	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	Sugar beet	Salt tolerance, sugar accumulation	LIU et al., 2008	9519
LnNHX2	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	Arabidopsis	K+ accumulation, salt tolerance	Rodríguez-Rosales et al. 2008	9406
AtNHX5	AtNHX5	Torenia	Salt tolerance	Le-Yi Shi et al. 2008	9286
AtNHX2 AtNHX5	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Yokoi et al., 2002	6120
AtPcr1	Membrane protein	Arabidopsis	Cadmium tolerance (exclusion?)	Song et al., 2004	7256
AtPDR12	ABC transporter	Arabidopsis	Lead tolerance	Lee et al., 2005	7781
AtPDR8	Plasma membrane efflux pump	Arabidopsis	Cadmium and lead tolerance (exclusion)	Kim et al., 2007	8830
AtTSB1	tryptophan synthesis	Tomato	Cd tolerance & ion trafficking?	Hsiao et al., 2008	9416
AtTSB1	tryptophan synthesis	Tomato	Cd tolerance	Hsiao et al., 2008	9516
AtZIP1	Zinc transporter	Barley	Increased grain zinc & iron content	Ramesh et al., 2004	7254
AVP1	vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase) gene	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance in growth and sustained plant water status	Gaxiola et al., 2001	5597
AVP1	vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase) gene	Alfalfa	Drought and salt tolerance	Bao et al., 2009	9673
AVP1	vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase) gene	Agrostis stolonifera L	Salt tolerance	Li et al. 2010	10246
TsVP	H+-PPase gene	Cotton	Drought resistance (yield)	Lv et al., 2009	9817
BOR1	Boron transporter	Arabidopsis	Boron deficiency tolerance	Kyoko et al. 2006	8352
CAX	Tonoplast localized transporter	Tobacco	Cation transport selectivity	Koren’kov et al., 2007	8591
CAX1	Vacuolar Ca2+/H+ antiporter	Arabidopsis	Freezing tolerance after cold acclimation	Catalá et al., 2003	6871
CAX4	Vacuolar cation exchanger	Arabidopsis	Heavy metal tolerance	Mei et al., 2009	9888
CDT1	Cytoplasmic membranes and cell walls localized	Arabidopsis	Cadmium toxicity tolerance	Kuramata et al., 2009	9679
cNHX1	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	Citrus	Possibly, heat-induced chilling tolerance response	Porat et al., 2002	6127
GhNHX1	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	Arabidopsis (cotton)	Salt tolerance	Wu et al., 2004	7179
GmCAX1	Cation/proton antiporter	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Luo et al., 2005	8023
HKT1	Potassium transporter	Wheat	Salt tolerance in growth and improved K+/Na+ ratio	Laurie et al., 2002	6229
HvAACT1	Citrate transporter	Tobacco	Aluminum tolerance	Furukawa et al., 2007	9024
HvPIP2;1	PIP2 plasma membrane aquaporin Over-expression	rice	Increased susceptibility to salt stress	Katsuhara et al., 2004	6818
IRT1	Divalent cation transporter	Arabidopsis	Iron uptake by root and elimination of iron deficiency	Vert et al., 2002	6117
IRT1	Divalent cation transporter	Rice	Enhanced metal transport	Lee and An, 2009	9779
MTP1	vacuolar membrane Zn2+/H+ antiporter	Arabidopsis	Zinc toxicity tolerance	Kawachi et al., 2009	9971
NRT2.1	Nitrate transporter	Arabidopsis	Root architecture and nitrate uptake under N stress	Remans et al. 2006	8252
NtAQP1	PIP1 plasma membrane aquaporin	Tobacco	High root hydraulic conductance and reduced plant water deficit under drought stress	Siefritz et al., 2002	6116
NIP5;1	Boric acid transporter BOR1	Arabidopsis	Boron deficiency tolerance	Kato et al., 2009	9677
NtPT1	Phosphate transporter	Rice	Phosphate acquisition	Park et al., 2007	8810
OsARP	Antiporter-regulating protein	Tobacco	Salt tolerance by Na+ compartmentation	Uddin et al., 2006	9364
OsNHX1	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	rice	Salt tolerance	Fukuda et al., 2004	7017
OsSOS1	Plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger	rice	Salt tolerance	Martínez-Atienza et al., 2007	8735
SISOS1	Plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger	Tomato	Salt tolerance	Olias et al., 2009	9898
PcSrp	Serine rich protein (enhancing ion homeostasis?)	Finger millet	Salt tolerance	Mahalakshmi et al. 2006	8359
PgTIP1	Tonoplast intrinsic protein	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance; root dependant drought tolerance	Peng et al., 2007	8992
Pht1, Pht1;4	Phosphate acquisition by roots	Arabidopsis	Phosphate efficiency	Shin et al., 2004	7253
PIP	Plasma membrane aquaporin overexression	Soybean, lettuce	Downregulated by arbuscular mycorrhisa causing water conservation	Porcel et al. 2006	8246
PIP1 (VfPIP1)	Plasma membrane aquaporin overexression	Arabidopsis	Faster growth, stomatal closure under drought stress	Xiang-Huan Cui et al., 2008	9247
PIP1;4 & PIP2;5	Plasma membrane aquaporin overexression	Tobacco	Excessive water loss and retarded seedling growth under drought stress	Jang et al., 2007	8974
PIP1b	Plasma membrane aquaporin overexression	Tobacco	No effect under salt and negative effect under drought stress	Aharon et al. 2003	6659
PIP1bn	Plasma membrane aquaporin overexression	Tobacco	Tolerance to osmotic stress	Yua et al., 2005	7863
PIP1;3	Plasma membrane aquaporin overexression	Rice	Chilling tolerance	Matsumoto et al., 2009	9781
PIP2;2	Plasma membrane aquaporin knockout	Arabidopsis	Reduced hydraulic conductivity of root cortex cells	Javot et al., 2003	6382
PIP2;7	Plasma membrane aquaporin overexression	Rice	Enhanced transpiration and chilling tolerance	Li et al., 2009	9678
SAT32	Enhanced vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase	Arabidopsis	Alt tolerance	Park et al., 2009	9774
SlTIP2;2	Tonoplast aquaporin	Tomato	Enhanced transpiration anf yield under drought and control	Sade et al., 2009	9662
RWC3	Aquaporin overexpression	Rice	Maintenance of leaf water potential and transpiration under 10 h PEG stress	Lian et al., 2004	7177
SOD2	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance; higher plant K/Na ratio	Gao et al., 2004	6924
SOD2	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	Rice	Salt tolerance	Zhao et al. 2006	8088
SOS1	Na+-H+ antiporter	Arabidopsis	Protect K+ permeability during salt stress	Qi and Spalding, 2004	7350
SOS3	Sodium accumulation in roots	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Horie et al. 2006	8335
SOS4	Involved in the synthesis of pyridoxal-5-phosphate which modulates ion transporters	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance through Na+/K+ homeostasis	Shi et al., 2002	5931
SsNHX1	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	Rice	Salt tolerance	Zhao et al. 2006	8216
SsVP-2	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Guo et al. 2006	8166
SULTR1;2	High affinity root sulfate transporter	Arabidopsis	Selenate sensitivity	El Kassis et al., 2007	8800
TNHX1 and H+-PPase TVP1	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	Arabidopsis	Salt tolerance	Brini et al. 2007	8697
TsVP	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	Tobacco	Salt tolerance	Gao et al., 2006	8462
TsVP	Vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter	Cotton	Salt tolerance	Lv et al., 2008	9499
YCF1	Sequester glutathione-chelates of heavy metals into vacuoles	Arabidopsis	Heavy metal and salt tolerance	Koh et al. 2006	8172
ZntA	Regulation of Cd, PB and Zn pump	Arabidopsis	Cd and Pb resistance; reduced metal accumulation	Lee et al., 2003	6824

Others (To top)

Gene	Gene Action	Species	Phenotype	Reference	ID*
AlaAT	Alanine aminotransferase	Rice	Improved nitrogen assimilation	Shrawat et al., 2008	9506
Als1	Aluminum sensitivity	rice	Reduced growth under Al stress	Ma et al., 2005	7865
Calcineurin (mouse)	Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase	Rice	salt stress tolerance via controlled Na+ accumulation	Ma et al., 2005	7776
dgd1-2	Inability to accumulate digalactosyldiacylglycerol	Arabidopsis	Heat sensitive	Chen et al. 2006	8345
eibi1	Wilty mutant, defective cuticle	Wild barley	Drought susceptible	Chen et al., 2004	7282
gsr		Periwinkle	Salinity tolerance and a modified morphology	Rai et al., 2003	6349
GDH	Bacterial Glutamate dehydrogenase expression	Tobacco	Maintaining high leaf water potential under drought stress	Mungur et al., 2006	8575
GDH	Bacterial Glutamate dehydrogenase expression	Maize	Drought resistance	Lightfoot et al., 2007	8899
PHY1 ; PAP1	Phytase; purple acid phosphatase	White clover	Organic phosphorus utilization to avoid P deficiency	Ma et al., 2009	9805
LeGPAT	Increased unsaturated fatty acid contents	Tomato	Chilling tolerance	Sui et al., 2007	8961
OsSMCP1		Arabidopsis	Drought resistance	Yokotani et al. 2009	10138
Rf1	Fertility restorer	Rice	Improved fertility at low temperature	Toshiyuki and Hidemasa, 2005	7605
sfr4	Low sugar content in cells?	Arabidopsis	Freezing susceptible mutant	Uemura et al., 2003	6534
SGR	Stay-green	Rice	Chlorophyll retention	Jiang et al., 2007	9089
TaSTRG	Various possible effects	Rice	Drought and salt resistance	Zhou et al., 2009	10072
	Thaumatin gene	Tobacco	Salt and disease tolerance	Rajam et al., 2007	8766
	Fructan accumulation	Potato	Increased proline accumulation under drought stress	Knipp et al. 2006	8144
	Overexpression of Glyoxalase Pathway Enzymes	Tobacco	Zinc toxicity and other metal tolerance	Singla-Pareek et al. 2006	8169
	Co-suppression of fatty acid desaturase - increased dienoic fatty acids	Rice	Heat tolerance	Sohn and Back, 2007	8770
	isopentenyltransferase	Tobacco	Delayed senescence and yield under drought	Rivero et al., 2007	9149
7 candidate genes	Various	Rice	Drought resistance in yield	Xiao et al., 2009	10075
Desaturase gene	Fatty acid unsaturation	Tobacco	Cold tolerance	Craig et al., 2008	9540

To top Homepage

-10420